Carl Jung And Sigmund Freud English Literature Essay

Carl Jung And Sigmund Freud face Literature EssayThe coitionship between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud began in 1906 when Jung sent Freud a signed repeat of his make studies. Unknow to Jung, Freud had al presenty purchased his declargon copy of the book after hearing how favorably his name figured into the writings. sextet months later, Freud sent a solicitation of his latest make renders to Jung in Zrich. These professional gestures began a series of meetings and correspondences between the both(prenominal)(prenominal) men that farthested for six-spot age.The graduation conversation between Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud lasted for over 13 hours.This marked the generator of an intense correspondence and coaction between these twain men which lasted for 7 middle-aged age. Freud, who was already a famous psychologist, saw this young, outspoken person as a sort of protg. Freud soon became a father figure to Jung. In cardinal of the correspondences, Freud referred to Jun g as, The Joshua to my Moses, fated to enter the Promised Land which I myself volition non live to see. Again and again he speaks of Jung as his heir, once as my successor and crown prince, and even as spirit of my spirit.In 1908, Jung became editor program of the sensitively baseed Yearbook for Psychoanalytical and Psycho thoroughfareological Research. The subsequent year, Jung and Freud traveled to the U.S., introducing psychoanalysis by means of their Fordham Lectures.They dog-tired some 3 months touring America. This was the some evoke meter of their fellowship. They had several conversations , conversations which brought forth ideological differences between the two.Jungs major dissimilitude with Freud stalked from their conflicting concepts of the unconscious mind(p)(p). Jung saw Freuds possibleness of the unconscious as liberalist and pointlessly negative. According to Jung, Freud considered the unconscious solely as a store of sub collectabled emotions and desires. At the like while Jung did agree with Freuds model of the unconscious, as Jung c on the wholeed the personal unconscious, just he also projected the existence of removed recentlyer form of the unconscious, which underlies the personal one. He c whollyed it the embodied unconscious where the archetypes themselves resided.This blood and collaboration began to deteriorate as the years went on. While Freud purview of Jung as the intimately innovative person and his successor, he was unhappy with Jungs difference with some of the rudimentary doctrine of Freudian theory. For example, Jung believed that Freud was too foc employ on sexuality as a motivating force. He also snarl that Freuds concept of the unconscious was limited and overly negative. Jung argued that the unconscious could also be a antecedent of creativity.Carl also disagreed with Freuds consume that all multifactoriales come from sexual trauma, because he had get laid with psychological problem that had different origins. Freud also did not agree with Carls views nigh spiritualism and parapsychology.According to Jung, the first real crisis in their friendship came in spring 1909. Jung visited Freud in Vienna and asked his opinion on precognition and parapsychology. alone Freud was too selfish and discarded this matter in a fashion that upset Jung. Jung speaks around a strange thing which happened at the comparable time. As Freud was leaving, Jung heard a in truth loud cracking which came from the bookcase conterminous to them, this he spoke of as an example of paranormal phenomenon, which was discarded by Freud immediately. Immediately Jung predicted that in a moment there would be some other loud noise, and yes thence there came a flake loud crack from the bookcase. Freud was puzzled scarcely this incident hoisted his mistrust towards Jung.The next crisis in their friendship came in 1910, when Freud was straining to make his sexual theory a law of belief against occultism. According to Carl Jung, this had nothing to do with scientific judgment, but notwithstanding with Freuds ambition and past.Despite their difference they go along to endure together until 1912. It is believed that the locomote in their friendship came by Jungs publication of Symbols of Transformation, which is full of mythological symbols.Freud dismiss Jungs interest in religious belief and myths as being unscientific. This rejection embittered Jung toward his mentor. Carl, for reasons not cognise instigated a rumor that a romantic proportionship may kick in actual between Freud and his sister-in-law, Minna Bernays, who had moved into Freuds apartment. He suggested that the closeness resulted in a pregnancy and a subsequent abortion for Miss Bernays. Freud met Jungs antagonism with change magnitude detachment. Freud visited his colleague Ludwig Binswanger in Kreuzlingen without paying a visit to Jung in nearby Zrich. Jung felt up severely slighted by this inci dent, which he referred to as the Kreuzlingen gesture. The net letter scripted from Sigmund Freud to Carl Jung read, Your allegation that I treat my followers as patients is demonstrably untrue. . . . It is a convention among us analysts that none of us shoot feel ashamed of his own neurosis. But one meaning Jung who while behaving abnormally keeps shouting that he is normal gives ground for the suspicion that he lacks brainstorm into his illness. Accordingly, I propose that we abandon our personal relations entirely.-Sigmund Freud, 1912In 1912, Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung met in Munich among prominent colleagues to discuss psychoanalytical journals.Freud was overcome by a fast fainting spell At Jungs talk about his new psychoanalytic essay on Amenhotep IV. It is said that Jung picked-up Freud, and carried him to a nearby couch. Jung and Freud personally met for the last time in September of 1913 for the Fourth International Psychoanalytical Congress, also in Munich. Jung gave a talk on psychological types, the introverted and the extraverted type, in analytical psychology. This talk introduced of some of the key concepts which came to distinguish Jungs act upon from Freuds for the next half centuryAfter FreudParting with Freud left Jung shattered to a great extent, he resigned from the International Psychoanalytic Congress in 1914. The emulation growing between the two was cl betimes visible in the letter they exchanged. At one point, Jung sarcastically wrote, your technique of treating your pupils like patients is a blunder. In that way you produce either slavish sons or impudent puppies I am objective enough to see through your little subterfuge (McGuire, 1974).Jung soon began an intensified self-analysis (an examination of oneself) in order to break in the mysteries of the unconscious psyche. From 1913 to 1921 Jung published three important papers Two Essays on Analytical psychological science (1916, 1917) and Psychological Types (1921). The Two Es says provided the basic nouss from which his later work was developed. He described his research on psychological typology (the classification of personalities by star their similarities and differences)-that there are two basic classifications, or two types of personalities, in the way they relate to the cosmos introversion and extroversion. Introversion, in which one has the characteristic of being self-involved, withdrawn, occupied with ones inner world. Extroversion, in which one relates to the world through social involvement and has interests outside of oneself and is extrovertive. He expressed the idea that it is the personal equation which, often unconsciously but in engagement with ones own typology, influences how an individual observes and interacts with their world.Jungs main contribution was his disco actually that mans fantasy flavor has a certain structure. There must be subtle dynamic centers in the unconscious which control natural behavior and free imaginat ion. These realize to form Jungs concept of archetypes. An individual will day woolgather on impulse, and these pipe envisages will restrain a theme or story similar to a fairy tale, or a myth, from a time long past, that are unknown to the person dreaming. To Jung this meant that archetypal symptoms (memories of experiences of people from the past that are accede in every persons unconscious mind) belong to human beings of all ages and from all times they are the expression of a collective body of mans basic psychic nature. M whatever(prenominal) mental case sufferings save happened due to a opinion of self-estrangement (the alienation of oneself from oneself) because of mans creation of a logical framework and control of his dependence on these memories of experiences that exist in the unconscious.His first achievement was to differentiate two classes of people according to attitude types extraverted (outward-looking) and introverted (inward-looking). Later he differenti ated four functions of the mind-thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition-one or more of which predominate in any given person. Results of this exact were embodied in Psychologische Typen (1921 Psychological Types, 1923).As a boy Jung had some weird powerful fantasies or dreams that had developed in intensity through the years. After his break with Freud, during self analysis he deliberately allowed this aspect of himself to function again and studied the experience and responses scientifically by keeping detailed notes of the same. He later developed the theory that these experiences came from an area of the mind that he called the collective unconscious, which he held was shared by everyone. This much-contested conception was combined with a theory of archetypes that Jung held as fundamental to the study of the psychology of religion. In Jungs terms, archetypes are senseive patterns, have a commonplaceplace character, and are expressed in behaviour and images.In order to stu dy in depth the archetypal patterns and processes, Jung visited so-called primitive tribes. He lived among the Pueblo Indians of immature Mexico and Arizona in 1924 and 1925 and among the inhabitants of Mt. Elgon in Kenya during 1925 and 1926. He later visited Egypt and India. To Jung, the religious symbols and phenomenology (a arrangement of beliefs developed by poring over peoples understanding and awareness of themselves) of Buddhism and Hinduism and the t individuallyings of Zen Buddhism and Confucianism all distinguished with respect to a mans experience to find a path to his inner world, a world which was badly neglected by western sandwich civilization. Jung also searched for traditions in Western culture, which made up for its one-sided outgoing development toward reason and technology. He found these traditions in Gnosticism (belief that personal liberty comes through spiritual link and understanding), Christian mysticism (the belief that instinct and spiritual feeli ng are the ways to find God), and, above all, occultism (knowledge or use of supernatural powers). Some of his major kit and caboodle are deep and clear psychological interpretations of alchemical (the ability and power to make common things special) writings, showing their living signifi croupce for understanding dreams and the hidden theme of neurotic and mental disorders.Inner development and growth of personalityJung was keen on the detailing of the stages of inner development and of the growth of the personality, which he termed the process of individuation. He said that its a unshakable impulse from the unconscious which guides the individual toward its most complete ridiculousness. This description was the result of a lifelong task of tally and error and recognizing and connecting the limit of the unconscious. It consists in an ever-increasing self-knowledge and in becoming what you are.Character of his mental hygieneJung devoted the rest of his life to developing his i deas, oddly those on the relation between psychology and religion. In his view, obscure and often neglected texts of writers in the past shed unexpected light not only on Jungs own dreams and fantasies but also on those of his patients he thought it requirement for the successful practice of their art that psychotherapists capture familiar with writings of the aged masters.Besides the development of new psychotherapeutic methods that derived from his own experience and the theories developed from them, Jung gave fresh importance to the so-called Hermetic tradition. He conceived that the Christian religion was part of a historic process necessary for the development of consciousness, and he also thought that the heretical movements, starting with Gnosticism and ending in alchemy, were manifestations of unconscious archetypal elements not adequately expressed in the mainstream forms of Christianity. He was oddly impressed with his finding that alchemical-like symbols could be fou nd frequently in recent dreams and fantasies, and he thought that alchemists had constructed a kind of textbook of the collective unconscious. He expounded on this in 4 out of the 18 volumes that make up his Collected Works.His historical studies aided him in pioneering the psychotherapy of the middle-aged and elderly, especially those who felt their lives had lost meaning. He helped them to appreciate the place of their lives in the period of history. Most of these patients had lost their religious belief Jung found that if they could discover their own myth as expressed in dream and imagination they would become more complete personalities. He called this process individuation.In later years he became professor of psychology at the Federal Polytechnical University in Zrich (1933-41) and professor of medical psychology at the University of Basel (1943). His personal experience, his continued psychotherapeutic practice, and his wide knowledge of history placed him in a unique pro spect to comment on current events. As early as 1918 he had begun to think that Germany held a special position in Europe the Nazi revolution was, therefore, highly signifi corporationt for him, and he delivered a number of hotly contested views that led to his being wrongly mark as a Nazi sympathizer. Jung lived to the age of 85.The authoritative English collection of all Jungs published writings is Herbert Read, Michael Fordham, and Gerhard Adler (eds.), The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, trans. by R.F.C. Hull, 20 vol., 2nd ed. (1966-79). Jungs The psychological science of the Unconscious waits in revised form as Symbols of Transformation in the Collected Works. His other major individual publications involve ber die Psychologie der Dementia Praecox (1907 The Psychology of Dementia Praecox) Versuch(prenominal) einer Darstellung der psychoanalytischen Theorie (1913 The Theory of Psychoanalysis) Collected papers on Analytical Psychology (1916) Two Essays on Analytical Psychology (1928) Das Geheimnis der goldenen Blte (1929 The Secret of the Golden Flower) Modern Man in Search of a Soul (1933), a collection of essays covering topics from dream analysis and literature to the psychology of religion Psychology and Religion (1938) Psychologie und Alchemie (1944 Psychology and Alchemy) and Aion Untersuchungen zur Symbolgeschichte (1951 Aion Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self). Jungs Erinnerungen, Trume, Gedanken (1962 Memories, Dreams, Reflections) is fascinating semiautobiographical reading, partly written by Jung himself and partly put down by his secretary.In 2009 the Red Book, a manuscript that Jung wrote during the years 1914-30, was published. It was, by Jungs own account, a record of his confrontation with the unconscious. Containing both his account of his imaginings, fantasies, and induce hallucinations and his own colour illustrations, The Red Book also includes an extensive intro and a translation into English.Jung he had to give his psych ological practice, writings and explorations up in 1944 due to a severe watch attack.Carl Jungs near-death experienceIn a hospital in Switzerland in 1944, the world-renowned psychiatrist Carl G. Jung, had a heart attack and then a near-death experience. His vivid encounter with the light, plus the intensely meaningful insights led Jung to conclude that his experience came from something real and eternal. Jungs experience is unique in that he saw the Earth from a vantage point of about a thousand miles above it. His incredibly accurate view of the Earth from outer space was described about two decades in the lead astronauts in space first described it. Subsequently, as he reflected on life after death, Jung recalled the meditating Hindu from his near-death experience and read it as a parable of the archetypal Higher Self, the God-image at bottom. Carl Jung, who founded analytical psychology, centered on the archetypes of the collective unconscious. The following is an excerpt from his autobiography entitled Memories, Dreams, Reflections describing his near-death experienceI felt violent resistance to my doctor because he had brought me bet on to life.At the same time, I was worried about him. His life is in danger, for heavens sake He has appeared to me in his primal form When anybody attains this form it means he is going to die, for already he belongs to the greater company. Suddenly the terrifying thought came to me that the doctor would have to die in my stead. I tried my best to talk to him about it, but he did not understand me. hence I became angry with him.In actual fact I was his last patient.On April 4, 1944 I still remember the exact date I was allowed to sit up on the edge of my bed for the first time since the beginning of my illness, and on this same day the doctor took to his bed and did not leave it again.I heard that he was having intermittent attacks of fever.Soon afterwards he died of septicernia. He was a good doctor there was somet hing of the star about him. Otherwise he would not have appeared to me as an shape of the temporal embodiment of the primal form.Women in Jungs lifeWhile change of location to the United States together in 1909, Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud passed the time by interpreting from each one others dreams. Fifty years later in Memories, Dreams, Reflections, Jung wrote about a dream he believed Freud was unable to accurately interpret. In the dream, Jung was living on the second floor of a two-story dwelling when he decided to explore the contents of the ground floor. On that level all the furniture and decorations were old, dating perhaps to the 15th or 16th century. After exploring that floor, Jung set about to explore the whole house. He found a stone stairway leading to the cellar where he discovered artifacts that dated to ancient Roman times. locomote even deeper, he came upon a dusty cave with scattered bones, low-spirited pottery, and two human skulls. He then awoke.Jung la ter accepted this dream as evidence for different levels of the psyche. The upper floor had an inhabited air and represented consciousness, the top grade of the psyche. The ground floor was the first layer of the unconscious-old but not as alien or ancient as the Roman artifacts in the cellar, which symbolized a deeper layer of the personal unconscious. In the cave, Jung discovered remains of a primitive culture, that is, the world of the primitive man within myself-a world which sack scarcely be reached or illuminated by consciousness (Jung, 1961, p. 160). After Jung described the dream, Freud became interested in the two skulls in the cave, but not as collective unconscious material. Instead, he insisted that Jung join them to some wish. Who did Jung wish dead? Not yet completely swear his own judgment, Jung answered, My married woman and my sister-in-law-after all, I had to name someone whose death was outlay the wishingI was newly marital at the time and knew absolutely we ll that there was nothing within myself which pointed to such wishes (Jung, 1961, pp. 159-160).Although Jungs interpretation of this dream may be more accurate than Freuds, it is quite possible that Jung did indeed wish for the death of his wife. At that time (1909), Jung was not newly married but had been married for nearly 7 years, and for the past 5 of those years he was deeply involved in a sexual relationship with a former patient named Sabina Spielrein. Frank McLynn (1996) has alleged that Jung was a disreputable womanizer who frequently had affairs with his patients and former patients. He exacted that Jungs mother complex caused him to harbor animosity toward his wife while destining him to a life of promiscuity. McLynn, who is super antagonistic toward Jung, may have exaggerated Jungs promiscuity, but little disbelieve exists that Jung had several extramarital affairs. In a letter to Freud dated January 30, 1910, Jung wrote The requirement for a good marriage, it seems to me, is the license to be unfaithful (McGuire, 1974, p. 289).Spielrein had begun her association with Jung as his patient, but the relationship soon turned into a sexual one. In spite of this sexual relationship, Jung continued to analyze Spielrein and eventually conducted a discipline analysis that enabled her to become a psychoanalyst. John Kerr (1993) has argued effectively that the feminine utter that spoke to Jung in the form of his anima was that of Spielrein. In Memories, Dreams, Reflections, Jung (1961) wrote that he recognized the character as that of a patient, a talented psychopath who had a strong transference to me (p. 185). If Spielrein had a strong transference to Jung, then he reciprocated with a strong countertransference to her.Spielrein may have been the first female patient that Jung took as a lover, but she was not the last. The most visible of all Jungs affairs was with Antonia (Toni) Wolff, a dark-eyed beauty who first met Jung in 1910 when she was 22 y ears old. uniform Sabina Spielrein, Wolff began her association with Jung as a patient, became his lover, received a training analysis, and became an analyst. When Jung descended into the depths of his unconscious after his break with Freud, it was Toni Wolff, not Emma Jung, who helped him retain his sanity and eventually issue from that dangerous journey. Jung became so deeply dependent on Wolff that he pressured his wife to allow him to openly carry on his affair with Toni. Emma reluctantly and deplorably agreed. McLynn paints a picture of Emma, Carl, and Toni in a menage trois, but such was not the case. Alan Elmss (1994) description of this relationship is probably more accurate. According to Elms, Jung spent Wednesday evenings with Toni, and Toni cane to the Jung household for Sunday dinner with Carl, Emma, and the children, who were no more successful than their mother over this arrangement.Jung and Wolff continued their affair for at least 2 decades and made no attempt t o hide the relationship. Nevertheless, the name Toni Wolff does not appear in Jungs autobiography, Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Elms discovered that Jung had written a whole chapter on Toni Wolff, a chapter that was never published. The absence of Tonis name in Jungs autobiography is probably due to the hatred of Jungs children for Wolff. They remembered when she had carried on openly with their father, and they harbored some lifelong resentment toward her. As adults with some veto power over what appeared in their fathers posthumously published autobiography, they were not in a generous mood to perpetuate knowledge of the affair.By age 60, Toni Wolff had developed arthritis and had lost most of her physical attractiveness. threesome years later, she died, no longer Jungs friend or companion. Jung did not issuance in the funeral of the woman who served him as a second wife and rescued him from a severe midlife crisis.One final, rather unsavory note on Jungs relationships with w omen is his claim that Freud had had an affair with his own sister-in-law Minna Bernays. In 1957, Jung told John Billinsky, an American psychologist, that at the first meeting between Jung and Freud in Vienna in 1907, Minna Bernays pulled Jung forth and confessed that she was having an affair with Freud. According to Billinsky (1969), Jung told himSoon I met Freuds wifes younger sister. She was very good-looking and she not only knew enough about psychoanalysis but also about everything that Freud was doing. When, a few days later, I was visiting Freuds laboratory, Freuds sister-in-law asked if she could talk with me. She was very much bothered by her relationship with Freud and felt guilty about it. From her I learned that Freud was in love with her and that their relationship was indeed very intimate. It was a shocking discovery to me, and even now I can recall the agony I felt at the time. (p. 42)Since Billinskys article appeared, scholars have debated the validity of Jungs clai ms. Other than Jungs story, little evidence exists that Freud was romantically linked to Minna Bernays-or any woman other than his wife. Although Jungs mind remained clear until his death in 1961, his depot of Minnas confession was 50 years old. Also, Jung described Minna as very good-looking. Beauty, of course, is subjective, but few people would view photographs of Minna Bernays and pronounce her as very good-looking. At almost all stages of her life, she was quite plain-looking and not nearly as fine as her sister Martha Bernays Freud. In addition, it does not seem likely that Minna Bernays, having known Jung for only a very short period of time, would have called him aside and confessed having an affair with Freud. Perhaps Jungs claim that Freud had a sexual relationship with Minna tells us more about Carl Jung than it does about either Sigmund Freud or Minna Bernays.Professional AccomplishmentsIn 1957, Jung wrote The Undiscovered Self (1957), which took on a nostalgic tone in reflection of his previous works and theories. In this relatively short book, Jung considers mans position in relation to the state, church, himself and the meanings of each of those relations. Backed with little to no say empirical evidence, Jung wrote eloquently about philosophical matters in psychological terms. This work was a typical example of how Jung tended to relate all matters to a fistful of topics, such as religion, state, and so on.One of Jungs more creative works was On the Relation of Analytical Psychology to Poetry (1978). He started this scrap by noting the difference between the simple creation of art and its essence. Anyone can simply put ink on paper or canvas, but an artist is liven upd. Again, he related art to religion as they were both psychic phenomena and occur on different levels within different people. artistry came from two main places, the individual creating the art with all of his or her expectation, intentions, faults, etc, and what he called the collective unconscious. The collective unconscious was like a living entity which used man as a medium to create. It was also explained as a river of timeless thoughts common to all people. The collective unconscious helped regulate cultures and helped inspire individuals. Inspired art can trigger a certain understanding between people across cultures, time, gender and age. There may be something common, that everyone can relate to. According to Jung, this was the essence of art.In his autobiography Memories, Dreams, Reflections, which was published after his death, Jung wrote about his near-death experience. He recalled seeing the earth from outer space, noting each main body of land and ocean. He then came across a Hindu sitting and waiting for him in front of a temple he had seen in his life. The entire body of his works could be remembered so that he could view his accomplishments. He had feelings of being care-free and peaceful. Jung described the feeling as a middle of so mething without a beginning or end. The answers, it seemed, would be found in the temple. But before he could enter, his attention was shifted to the doctors bringing him back to life. That was the end of his vision.Jung Love Sabina Spielrein, a forgotten pioneer of psychoanalysisSabina Spielrein was an 18yr old who was brought in as a patient of Jung. Just before his association with Freud. Hospital records show that Sabina laughs and cries in a strangely mixed, compulsive manner. flock of tics she rotates her head jerkily, sticks out her tongue, twitches her legs Cannot stand people or noise. The notes are written by a newly qualified Dr Jung. He diagnosed her hysteric.Jung was enthusiastic to take on this case as it would help him discover the mysteries of the brain and the unconscious which affected the conscious mind and altered human behavior. Jung decided to try out a new technique on her, one hed read about in a book by Sigmund Freud. This was psychoanalysis, and the techn ique was the talk of the town technique.Jung was principally keen on the word-association experiment a series of hit-or-miss words were fired at the patient, who had to respond with the first thing that came to mind. Jung discover that mentions of the girls father create grimaces and gestures of abhorrence.Gradually Jung discovered that Sabinas , has the odd habit of get everything she sees. She then has to borrow from relatives and there is constant anxiety that the father top executive find out about this. Also that her mother competed with her adolescent young lady for the attentions of various men. Spielreins father, meanwhile insults and tyrannises the family, frequently going wild and threatening suicide. Spielrein is forever afraid that he will kill himself.Moreover, he frequently drum Sabina on her bare buttocks in a special way away from the family. Sabina, the eldest of five terrorized children (the youngest died of typhoid aged six), eventually confessed to Jung that she felt sexual excitement when her father beat her. Jung also came across a fact that Spielreins mother had raised Sabina in complete sexual ignorance, which explains her lost(p) reaction to these oddly intimate episodes with her father. Either way, she came to conflate suffering both physical and emotional with love.Jung achieved success with Spielrein within the first year with his new technique. Sabina was cured to such an extent that Sabina started living independently in Zurich and studying medicine at the university. Jung later claimed (in a letter to Freud, with whom hed started corresponding during Spielreins treatment) that he maintained contact with her only because he feared a relapse. But Sabina did not feel so in 1906 she wrote to him I love you too much,. A year later Jung rather lewdly told Freud, she admits that her greatest wish is to have a child by me. For that purpose I would naturally have to let the bird out first.Its clear from Jungs letters that they had an intimate relation and they were meeting every few days, in her flat so you are less inhibited or taking boat rides so we can be alone. In 1908, when she went to Russia for the summer, Jung wrote, I realise how much more affiliated I am to you than I ever thought. The intense relation was carried on for five years.Once Spielreins mother received an anonymous letter (probably from Jungs wife), which provoked her to write to Jung asking him not to ruin the girl he had saved. His suffice is remarkably coldhearted You do understand that a man and a girl cannot possibly continue indefinitely to have friendly relations with one another without the likelihood that something more may enter the relationship.Until then, Jung and Spielreins meetings had been social. If she wanted him to remain strictly professional, he suggested, she should resume paying him My fee is 10 francs per consultation.The rumour was widespread enough to reach Freud in Vienna. Jung, terrified for his reputa tion, wrote to him that a woman patient had kicked up a vile scandal. He went on to say that he offered her friendship only to realise she was of course systematically planning my seduction.He admitted, however that, during the whole business Grosss notions he was referring to Otto Gross, an